The noise or rattle of the pipes is caused by the “lack of air in the pipes air chambers” that provide shock absorbing to the water system while in use, and it is in all the water systems because the water can not be compressed. Sometimes it sounds as the house is shaking.
A problem usually occurs when turning the water off at a faucet, or in the toilet, as it shuts off while at times occurs while the water is running.
To remedy this situation:
1) Turn the water off at the house main shut off or at the meter by turning the slot 90 degrees.
2) Walk to each plumbing fixture and turn the water on for both hot and cold, leave it on.
3) Flush each toilet
4) Turn outside garden faucets on.
5) Wait one minute.
6) Turn the water back on at the main shut off
7) Turn each fixture and faucet off.
8) Test it.
If this fails, check each toilet for proper functioning or call a plumber.
The above is a simple solution that should not occur if they fixed the meter as it turned the water off, and it probably injected air in the system. But you mentioned a circulating pump, which is not all that common in houses, and the only way to have it is at a large house with a hot water circulating pump to maintain hot water nearby at each bathroom.
If this the case here, then it is possible that the reverse occurs because hot water circulating pumps run in a closed circle and these pumps pick up the water of inside the pipe at 50 psi, or whatever pressure is at that time, and increases it 3 psi, thus moving the water forward until it eventually returns back to the inlet of the pump. If the water was turned off to fix the meter problem, and the water drained from pipes and the circulating pump was working as it should - by sensors of the change of temperature and not by the loss of pressure - then it probably introduced air into the close circuit pipes thus creating the same shock or rattle noise in the pipes system.
To remedy this situation:
1) Call the plumber as the close circuit piping do not require a relief valve and this seldom occurs.
2) If there is a relief valve in the pipes, open it until air is removed.
There is a possibility that dirt, a small pebble got inside the pipe if the main pipe was cut to fix the leak and that foreign object is stock somewhere causing the rattle and for this, a plumber will have to find it…