blair said:
I am not as politically versed as most of you here. So, what am I missing? Who did he murder? And were his attacks on Israel before or after his Nobel peace prize?
Thanks
This sums it up pretty much....
Full LINK
Good riddance Yasser :0
Born on Aug. 4, 1929, to a merchant living in Cairo, Egypt, Arafat's original formal name was Abd al-Rahman Abd al-Rauf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini. His parents were natives of British-controlled Palestine.
As a child, he was called Yasser, which means "easy" in Arabic. As an adult he distanced himself from his father's name, al-Qudwa, and used Arafat, which is also the name of an important Islamic religious site near Mecca in Saudi Arabia.
Though he has often denied being born in Cairo -- Jerusalem as a birthplace was more politically potent for a Palestinian leader -- Arafat spent his early years in Egypt before being sent to Jerusalem to live with relatives after the death of his mother.
The young boy was returning to Palestine just as political violence between the British occupiers, Jews and Arabs was intensifying. Arabs were pitted against Jews, and both sides turned their ire on the British. As this stage of the conflict petered out, Arafat returned to Cairo where he attended high school and college.
With the end of World War II, a low-intensity conflict was soon to break out in civil war. In 1947, the Arab states rejected a United Nations partition plan that would create two states -- one Arab, the other Jewish. But in May 1948, after British troops left the region, Jewish leaders declared their independence. Five Arab nations attacked the Jewish-controlled areas. Jewish leaders successfully fended off the attacks. Medinath Yisrael -- the State of Israel -- was born.
Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled or were forced out of their towns and villages, creating the modern Palestinian refugee crisis. To this day, Palestinians refer to Israel's creation as al-nakba -- the catastrophe.
Events in Arafat's life during this time are sketchy at best, but following the war, as a civil engineering student, he joined the radical Muslim Brotherhood. The brotherhood, an Islamist underground political organization, was founded in 1928 to fight Western imperialism in the Middle East. Spreading throughout the region, it spawned major Arab terrorists group of the past 50 years, including Hamas, Islamic Jihad and al-Qaida.
But while the brotherhood and other groups called for a single Arab Islamic state that would destroy Israel and remove all traces of Western influence, Arafat moved in an entirely different direction -- a movement for a Palestinian state.
In 1959, Arafat and about 20 other men formed the Palestinian Liberation Movement. The group became commonly known as Fatah, a reverse acronym that means "conquest" in Arabic. What distinguished the group from other Arab underground groups was its intense devotion to Palestinian nationalism: it saw a Palestinian state as a means of uniting all Arabs.
Fearful that an unchecked Palestinian guerrilla movement could threaten their regimes, Arab leaders tried to usurp Arafat's power. Egypt's leader, Gamal Abd al-Nasser, sponsored a new group called the Palestine Liberation Organization.
In 1969, Arafat gained control of the Palestine Liberation Organization and launched it on a path of worldwide terrorism that, in its scope and brutality, far exceeded any other radical group in modern history. PLO operations were a clear influence on al-Qaida.
Wealthy Palestinian exiles, rich Saudis and Eastern Bloc countries such as the Soviet Union and East Germany funded the PLO. In Jordan, heavily armed Palestinian militia known as fedayeen seized virtual control of the tiny kingdom.
By September 1970 the fedayeen had hijacked three international airliners and refused to turn them over in the desert east of the capital city of Amman. The event came to be known as Black September, which became the name of the PLO's main terrorist wing.
In September 1970, Jordanian King Hussein declared martial law. During the ensuing civil war the PLO was backed by Syria, which invaded Jordan. Within a week, Arafat and his insurgents fled the country for Lebanon.
Because of Lebanon's weak central government, the PLO was able to operate virtually as an independent state. The PLO launched artillery strikes and fighters into Israel, attacking and killing dozens of Jewish citizens. Black September, meanwhile, began launching terrorist operations around the world.
"He tried to take advantage wherever he could," said Walid Phares, a professor of Middle East studies at Florida Atlantic University who knew members of Arafat's Fatah inner circle as a teacher in Lebanon during the 1970s. "In Jordan, he tried to take over, using the Palestinians' superior numbers. In Lebanon, he took sides in the Muslim-Christian conflict.
"In these two countries [Jordan and Lebanon], he certainly abused their hospitality. Both governments were moderate and had offered all possible assistance. He saw that as a weakness."
Palestinian control over Lebanon decimated the country and turned terrorism into a key element of international politics. Palestinians were credited with numerous hijackings, political murders and the assassinations of an American ambassador and a Jordanian prime minister. Two years after their arrival in Lebanon, the Black September group gained worldwide attention with the kidnapping of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics. Eleven of the athletes died during a botched rescue attempt by German police.
"When it comes to anti-Jewish terrorism, Arafat has set standards that other extremists, whether ideological or Islamist, have had to try to match," said David Pryce-Jones, a British historian of the Middle East.
Through it all, Arafat managed to survive assassination attempts by Israeli hit squads that only added to his legend. He emerged as the darling of Third World regimes and leftist intellectuals, eventually with such stature that those American administrations that regarded him as a terrorist nevertheless moved to protect him.
In 1974, Arafat became the first representative of a nongovernmental organization invited to address a plenary session of the U.N. General Assembly. Standing before the diplomats wearing a pistol on his hip, he proclaimed: "I have come bearing an olive branch and a freedom fighter's gun. Do not let the olive branch fall from my hand."
But it was the gun that Arafat lived by over the next decade. In addition to the Israelis, he was increasingly at odds with Palestinian splinter groups, as well as Lebanese Christian militias in fragmented Lebanon. In 1982, a group led by the radical Abu Nidal and backed by Saddam Hussein assassinated Israel's ambassador to London. Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and then-Defense Minister Ariel Sharon launched an invasion with the goal of killing Arafat and destroying the PLO once and for all.
He escaped to Tunisia.
In 1987, Palestinians living in the Gaza Strip, disillusioned with the leadership of Arafat and the other leaders living comfortable lives in Tunis, launched their own uprising called the Intifada.
On Nov. 15, 1988, the PLO proclaimed the "state of Palestine," a government in exile for Palestinians. Breaking a long-held taboo, Arafat declared acceptance of U.N. Security Council resolutions that recognized Israel and renounced terrorism. A year later, in a secret ceremony in Tunis, Arafat married his wife, Suha. The couple have a 9-year-old daughter.
In 1991, following the Persian Gulf War, Israel conducted open negotiations with the PLO for the first time. By 1993, negotiators came up with the Oslo Accords, which called for the implementation of Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip over five years. A year later, Arafat was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize with Israeli leaders Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin.
In 1994, Arafat arrived triumphantly in Palestine and became head of the Palestinian Authority, the provisional entity created by the Oslo Accords. He was elected as its first president in 1996. Critics said the accords were vague. Jews argued that Palestinians had been armed even as terrorist acts were continuing inside Israel. Palestinians pointed out that their land was still being carved up by Jewish settlements.
After a series of suicide bus bombings that killed scores of Israelis, the hardliner Benjamin Netanyahu of the Likud Party was elected prime minister of Israel in 1996. President Bill Clinton arranged a summit between the two leaders, but the resulting document failed to placate militants on either side.
Arafat continued negotiations with Netanyahu's successor, Ehud Barak of the left-wing Labor Party and in last-ditch negotiations in 2000, Barak offered Arafat a Palestinian state. Arafat rejected the offer and refused to make a counter-offer, according to several accounts of the meeting.
A second Intifada had already begun, and the violence was rapidly escalating. On Sept. 28, 2000, Ariel Sharon, then the leader of the opposition Likud Party, visited Jerusalem's Temple Mount, or Haram al-Sharif, accompanied by hundreds of armed Israeli police. The visit to the area, considered sacred by Muslims and Jews, enraged Palestinians who saw it as a sign that Israel would never grant them a state with control over Arab East Jerusalem and its important religious shrines.
Riots and shootings broke out. Dozens of Arabs were killed in the following days. The violence soon eclipsed the first Intifada, with devastating suicide bombings inside Israel and massive counter-attacks by the Israel Defense Forces. By December 2001, Israeli forces had blown up Arafat's helicopters and surrounded his headquarters after a series of bombings and the assassination of Israel's tourism minister at a Jerusalem hotel.